Variability of heritable characters in some roselles (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) varieties in a forest savanna transition zone of Edo state, Nigeria

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the variability of heritable traits among four varieties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), Altisima Dark Red, Altisima Wine Red, Sabdariffa (Indian Sorrel), and White Sorrel, at the Teaching and Research Farm, Emaudo Annexe, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. The experiment followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD). Genetic parameters, including heritability (H?), genetic gain (GG), and genetic advance (GA) were estimated. Sabdariffa (Indian Sorrel) showed significantly greater plant height at 12 weeks after planting (WAP), while White Sorrel and Altisima Dark Red differed significantly in leaf number. Altisima Dark Red flowered earlier, whereas Altisima Wine Red matured earlier. Both Altisima varieties exhibited similar branching patterns but differed significantly from other varieties at 6, 9, and 12 WAP. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for plant height (89.58%–90.04%; GA: 1.84–1.85), leaf area (73.68%–89.80%; GA: 1.51–1.85), and days to 50% flowering (68.38%; GA: 1.40), indicating additive gene effects and suitability for selection. In contrast, the number of branches per plant and 50% flowering showed low heritability and genetic advance, suggesting non-additive gene effects and limited potential for improvement. Sabdariffa (Indian Sorrel) produced the highest dried calyx yield (kg/ha), highlighting its agronomic superiority. These findings provide a basis for varietal selection and improvement in Roselle breeding programs.